Eating Healthy With a Busy Lifestyle Essay

A lot of people feel trapped by their busy lifestyles when they’re trying to eat healthy. After all, who has time to cook when they need to commute two hours each way, pick the kids up from school, and do the laundry? Eating healthy with a busy lifestyle does not have to be complicated. Here are a few steps that can help you eat well even when you’re constantly crunched for time. 1) Simplify Your Diet One of the easiest ways to eat healthier when you’re strapped for time is to simplify your diet. You might want to have that fancy curry reciple you’ve just learned, but do you really have the time for it? Stick to the basics of what you like, buy them in bulk, and mix those up over the week in a few basic meals. You’ll be surprised at how much you actually like simple foods. For instance, one of my favorite meals for lunch is a simple microwaved baked potato with some sunny side up eggs. It might sound weird, but it definitely gets the job done and is healthy and quick to boot! If you’re not into cooking at all and eat out for every meal (tsk tsk) the following tip will probably help you much more. 2) Eating Out Like a Pro! Not everyone has time to make a baked potato and eggs. Some people don’t even enjoy cooking at all! In order to eat healthy while eating out, you really only need to ask yourself the following question: Is what I’m eating something that someone from the 1940s would eat? Think about it in terms of how processed the food is and how big the portion size is. There weren’t too many obese people back then, so they must have been doing something right! Portion size should be about what you can fit in both of your hands (unless you have freakishly small/large hands). Also, when you eat out DRINK WATER! In the San Francisco Bay Area eating out like a pro has been drastically simplified as everything has calorie listings. I tend to go for whatever has the highest food volume to calorie ratio. 3) Carry Food With You! It isn’t terribly hard to carry some good healthy snacks with you. Carry some nuts (unless you’re allergic, because then you would die) and eat a few every time you feel like you’re getting hungry in between meals. A hand full of nuts can go a LONG way in keeping you satiated. Fruits are also delicious, healthy, and portable snack foods. I always carry two or three bananas with me along with some almonds in case I get the munchies. For you extreme folks out there you can resort to carrying canned goods in your car (along with a can opener if you cant open cans with your mind bullets). A lot of canned goods last forever and are actually pretty good for you (especially the low sodium variety). Photo Credit healthy enteraining platter 1 image by Brett Mulcahy from Fotolia.comA busy lifestyle may leave you little time to cook and eat healthy meals. According to Jeannette Bessinger and Tracee Yablon-Brenner, authors of â€Å"Simple Food for Busy Families: The Whole Life Nutrition Approach,† it is possible to eat a diet filled with nutritious foods even when you are busy with a career and family. A few simple changes will allow you to create cooking and eating routines that focus on a variety of healthy ingredients. Prepare meals ahead of time. Take a few hours on a weekend afternoon to make soup, chili or pasta dishes, for example. Portion them out into freezer safe containers and freeze them. Focus on cooking with healthy ingredients, such as fresh vegetables, sodium-free canned beans and whole wheat pasta. Pull out one meal each evening for a quick and healthy way to feed your family. Sponsored Links Lose Weight in 1 Session?Lose upto 10cms in a single session Or get your Money Back!BizzyBody2u.com Step 2 Keep healthy snacks bagged and ready to go. Cut up fresh fruits and vegetables and store them in individual serving sizes. Portion out small amounts of nuts, seeds, dried fruits or air-popped popcorn. Grab a couple healthy snacks as you leave each morning to have a nutritious food choice on hand no matter how busy you get. Step 3 Pack your lunch everyday. Put several healthy foods into a lunchbox to help you avoid the fast food line when hunger strikes, recommends Sharon Jean Wiginton, author of â€Å"Abounding Health Naturally.† Make sandwiches with plenty of vegetables on whole wheat bread or wraps made with whole wheat tortillas. Pack one or two pieces of fruit or one or two servings of vegetables to round out the meal. Step 4 Make a smoothie to take with you when you are on the go. Place your favorite fruits along with low-fat plain yogurt and ice cubes into a blender and blend until smooth. Pour into a portable cup to drink as you go about your day, suggests Wiginton. Step 5 Look up restaurant menus ahead of time to help you choose the healthiest meals when you eat out. Search for nutrition information from the place you plan to eat and make your meal decision before you arrive. Stick to your choices by ordering without looking at the menu again. Sponsored Links Weight Loss TreatmentVery Effective, Safe & Affordable. At Klinik Mediviron Wisma UOA, KLwww.MedivironUOA.com Standard Chartered CardEnjoy up to RM300 CashBack when you apply for a Credit Card online.StandardChartered.com.my/CreditCard Childhood Obesity FactsSee Facts on Childhood Obesity. Symptoms, Treatments & More Here.symptomfind.com/ChildhoodObesity Cheap Supplements OnlineLow price for Whey Protein, BCAA, Loose weight & Kinesio Strappingwww.MyFitness.my Tips and Warnings Pack lunches the night before. Get your lunch and your children’s lunches ready ahead of time so everyone has a healthy meal ready to eat. Stash a few snacks in your purse, bag or car so there is always a healthy option when you are hungry. Do not eat while you are driving because it may increase the risk of an accident. Keep foods in the car but wait until you reach your destination to eat them.

Fast Food and Obesity Essay

In today’s society, fast food has become a large part of many American’s lives. With the rising numbers of obese people, it is hard not to draw a correlation between the increase in fast food and obesity. Most obese people don’t want to be obese and wish they could lose weight, yet they continue to struggle with their fast food intake and obesity. This is due to the advertising done on the consumers, the highly addictive food itself, and most importantly, how advertising and addiction combine with children to form habits that are kept once they become adults. These factors are the reasons that fast food restaurants are to blame for the rising obesity and health risks across America. The government needs to step in and place restrictions on these fast food restaurants so they will stop taking advantage of people’s weaknesses. So with that said, I actually disagree with Weintraub’s point. And that is why I believe that the fast food industry is at blame for this issue. Before we go into detail about how fast food companies are to blame for people over eating their food, it first must be proven that fast food is indeed the main problem causing today’s obesity in America. It is known to many people how the number of fast food restaurants in America has increased tremendously over the past several decades, but it is difficult to calculate by how much due to the lack of certain data. Also, it is difficult whether or not to categorize certain restaurants as fast food. Although, a good way to get a feel on the growth of the fast food industry is to take a look at McDonald’s, which has been America’s most popular fast food chain for decades. In 1968 McDonald’s open its 1,000th American restaurant. This number has increased to 13,800 restaurants in 2011, which really shows how much more fast food people are consuming compared to the past. Consider the increase of almost fourteen times in the number of McDonald’s restaurants, with the number of obese adults between the ages of 20 and 74 over a similar time period. From 1960-62 to 2005-06 the number of obese Americans almost tripled from 13.4% to 35.1%. These two extreme upward trends might make a convincing case that the extra fast food intake has caused the rise in obesity rates, and it may very well be a good indication, but it is far from  proof. Too many things have changed over the years, from the way the average American exercises, to the types of other food that people are consuming. Now that it has been established that fast food is the main cause behind the rising obesity numbers in America, it is time to dig deeper and show how exactly these fast food chains are at fault for this issue. A common topic when talking about people overeating fast food is addiction. When numbers are brought up about obesity and how often people visit fast food restaurants, people tend to ignore it and are categorized as fat people who are too lazy to cook their own food or break the habit of visiting fast food restaurants. However, people don’t realize the true addictive power that food can have on someone, especially fast food. While people try to use their willpower to stay away from fast food restaurants, they often fail due to the countless TV, radio, billboard, and online advertisements that draw them back in. Fast food advertising has been increasing over the years. In 2009, the American fast food industry spent over $4.2 billion on advertising. That might seem like an illogical amount of money to spend on advertising, but it lead to over $140 billion in sales, so these fast food restaurants must know what they’re doing. It is obvious that this tremendous advertising is leading to greater sales, otherwise these restaurant’s marketing teams would not be spending so much. As profit-seeking corporations, fast food restaurants cannot be blamed for wanting to advertise as much as they do, but that doesn’t mean that their advertising isn’t a huge problem in our society. Advertising clearly leads to greater consumption of fast food which leads to obesity and other health risks. Although fast food advertising as a whole is a huge issue, the far greater concern is the way children are targeted in today’s advertisements. In a 2007 report done by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, they found that the average child in America views 15 television commercials per day. This isn’t necessarily a problem as long as these commercial are composed of mostly healthy foods. This is such a huge problem due to children being more easily manipulated by food advertising. Their experiment discovered that children who viewed food advertisements ate 45%  more food than children who viewed non-food advertisements. Add all this up, and it comes to no surprise that in the last 30 years, the number of overweight and at risk children has more than tripled to 34%. It is clear that changes need to be made regarding fast food advertising, particularly involving children. Change needs to come soon as children will soon develop habits of high fast food consumption, which has our society pointed towards an unhealthy future. Efforts have been made in order to cause change, but it clearly hasn’t been enough. This is why the government needs to step in and regulate how much these restaurants are allowed to advertise. Not only does the government need to regulate the volume of advertisements, but more importantly they need to stop the fast food restaurants from targeting certain demographics. For example, not allowing advertisements on children’s television shows will decrease the wanting of food as often. As for what they are allowed to advertise, there definitely needs to be an emphasis placed on healthy food choices. Over the past decade, fast food restaurants have been offering more and healthier food choices or alternatives on their menus. These alternatives are most often salads, but also include grilled chicken sandwiches amongst other items. These so called â€Å"healthy alternatives† appear to be healthy, which is what the fast food restaurants are most concerned about. However, these alternatives are not always as healthy as they seem. With every passing moment, the over-popularity of fast food becomes more of a difficulty as it causes obesity numbers to skyrocket across the nation. Normally, the choices should ultimately lie in the hands of the people to choose healthier lifestyles, and decreases their reliance on fast food. However, in this instance, due to the validity of fast food addiction, along with too much advertising, and the cheap menu alternatives offered, people have been unable to make a change, and continue to head in the wrong direction. But until Americans take measures to mend the problems fast food has created, it’ll take some time for us to become a healthier nation.

A Separate Peace - Thematic Analysis

A Separate Peace Thematic Analysis Essay Peace brings up the theme of mans inhumanity to his fellow man. What makes this novel unique is that in protesting war, Knowles never overtly referred to the blood and gore of war; he showed the consequences of war, some paralleling the nature of war and some simply laying out how World War II affected noncombatants thousand miles away. There have been many books written about war, what happens, why it happens, and why wars should stop. Knowles explains through the life of Finny why war never will cease, with only one death in the entire book; a quiet one at that. When Gene is responsible for Finnys fall off the tree, the reader is in some confusion as to what really happened. All the book reads at this juncture is Holding firmly to the trunk, I took a step near him, and then my knees bounced and I jounced the limb. Finny, his balance gone, swung his head to look at me for an instant with extreme interest, and then he tumbled sideways, broke through the little branches below and hit the bank with a sickening, unnatural thud. The reader does not know whether it was accidental or intentional. It is not until later that Finny realizes that Gene is responsible for his crippling, and what a natural thing it was to do. Gene bounced the branch just to see if he could make the invincible Finny fall; at least, this is why Gene claims he did it. This is true, but at some level, Gene was scared of Finny, of his confidence, his abilities, and his potential for breaking records. Consider Genes paranoia over Finnys attempts to make him adventurous. Gene interprets these genuine acts of friendship as attempts to prevent him from reaching the top of the academic ladder. This paranoia parallels war in that after it is declared, no one is safe. Countries, leaders, people suspicious of all who are perceived as a threat, causing them to lash out at anyone even peripherally involved. Adequately proven in A Separate Peace, there are also historical examples: the Nazi death camps, the American Japanese-American relocation camps, and the McCarthyism of the fifties. Apparently, in America, the Constitution rules until war is declared, then paranoia and vindictiveness take charge. When Gene had the opportunity to get back at Finny, he did, which is so human it is disheartening. This tenet of our nature precludes, before it has even begun, the idea of world peace. Some country will always feel that another is stronger, or a threat, and initiate action. Another example of mans capacity for viciousness against his fellow is Lepers insanity. Leper, an outcast at Devon, was one of the first juniors to enlist. An avid naturalist, he was entranced by the ski patrol, zooming about on clean, crisp snow. When he discovered the horrible reality of war, he cracked. The students at Devon, when they heard this, acted like the human creatures they were; they laughed. It  was a survival reflex, laughing at a horror they would soon been forced to endure. Picking on Leper, Brinker and his buddies revealed the human need to blame someone, to distract the eye from their own fear. A final example of mans inhumanity to man as shown in A Separate Peace is the inquiry by Brinker and his panel to find out what happened the day Finny broke his leg. Gene himself says of Brinker and the proceedings: Hes enjoying this, hes imagining himself Justice incarnate, balancing the scales. Hes forgotten that Justice incarnate is not only blindfolding the scales but also blindfolded. With Finny begging for him to stop, he relentlessly probed, determined to find the truth, a truth that helped no one and hurt everyone. Because Brinker insisted on proceeding with his little drama, Finny loses what was possibly one of his most precious possessions: Gene. All this playacting ultimately accomplished was one thing: Finnys death. The marrow of Finnys bones killed him, thus, it seems the symbolism is mans inner core will defeat him. Because we are human, we are imperfect, and the perfect among us symbolized by Finny cannot exist, so that ideal society will never become a reality. READ: Critical Essay On Sir Arthur Conan Doyle MoriartyThis novel illustrates man can be cruel to his fellow man. John Knowles A Separate Peace demonstrates why men go to war, and why they cannot stop. This remarkable feat is accomplished with the telling of a single unique individual and his death.

Alcohol Abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alcohol Abuse - Essay Example The marital conflict is common in the family where alcohol is abused. Conflicts arise due to mismatching of goals and aspirations. The spouse of the person who abuses alcohol feels like isolated. Initially, dialogues between them generate small trifles but soon take a shape of major conflicts. A person with alcohol abuse becomes less and less tolerant toward other family members and resorts to violence frequently. Often, children suffer most. Aggressive behavior becomes routine. If the person with alcohol abuse does not realize this in time, marital relationship may be broken off completely (Alcohol Problems in Intimate Relationships 2003). Alcohol abuse causes strain in social relationships too. Such persons often fail to act on its obligations as per the normal adult. The person becomes socially less active and feels more secured in their alcohol consumption. Any socialization process is strengthened through mutual cooperation and communication but that falls back with the person involved with alcohol. Apart from violence, other issues that start surfacing in the life of a person who indulges into alcohol abuse are economic insecurity, jealousy, infidelity culminating into divorce (Alcohol Problems in Intimate Relationships 2003). Past experience has a significant impact on the current behavior. Widom et al. (2001) cites about the study done by Ireland and Widom on 908 children with legally proved abuse and another group of 667 children without any abusive histories. The study was to find out whether childhood victimization was resulting into alcohol related abuse during adult age. The study did conclude that in case of females alcohol abuse during adult age was related to the childhood victimization; however, same study also concluded that childhood victimization in case of males was not causing alcohol or other drug abuse. A follow up study also came to the same conclusion. The authors further argue that physical or sexual

Make a Difference Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Make a Difference Paper - Essay Example The easiest way is tapping the existing parents and teacher's organizations in the schools and other important personalities are to be added as long as necessary. Proper alignment of responsibilities will be identified and focus shall be on major tasks identified. These tasked includes: research and baseline data gathering, program designing and testing, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. This step can be carried out through survey and direct evaluation. Questionnaires can be devised through assistance of experts to collect data such as: current participatory practices, what practices are effective or not, what is the extent of involvement of the parents, what are the problems encountered with current participatory programs. In other words, a thorough analysis of the weaknesses and strengths (the inner resources of those directly involved), and the opportunities and threats (the uncontrollable external factors) within the society in general must be undertaken. There are systematic means in doing this and a lot of experts can be tapped to do effective participative SWOT analysis. After examining everything under the SWOT analysis an effective program can be designed.

Organizational Development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Organizational Development - Research Paper Example It can be revealed that Fourwinds Marina which is one of the most extensive as well as complete marinas of its type in the United States occupies four acres of land. Jack Keltner had been the general manager of the Fourwinds Marina while the President of the Taggart Corporation, Sandy Taggart has been the owner of the Fourwinds Marina and the Inn of the Fourwinds. The main problem as pointed out by the Taggart has been the lack of knowledge of marina business along with lack of experienced general managers. Therefore from the case study it can be analyzed that there is requirement of major organizational development initiatives. Keltner seems to have analyzed the problems that the organization was facing and took steps in order to correct them in order to improve the organizational effectiveness. He analyzed that major changes were required over one year period. This report consists of the SWOT analysis of the organization and implication of the analysis. It also tries to describe th e marinas strategy and the organization and tries to list the Keltner’s list of actions. ... Moreover the Inn is successful enough in providing the customers with all the facilities required by them. Lack of experienced managers as well as knowledge on managing the marine is one of the weaknesses. In addition to this Bouys have not been a profitable segment for the organization which demonstrates lack of managerial expertise. Weak financial position has also been one of the problems of the company. The major threats for the organization is that The Indiana Department of Natural Resources exercises total control over the rates that can be charged on slip rental as well as room rates at the inn. Jack Keltners management strategy can be considered as an opportunity to improve the organizational efficacy. Implication of the SWOT Analysis After conducting the SWOT analysis, it can be revealed that there are major problems that Fourwinds Marine faced that hampers the effective operation of the organization. The strengths of Fourwinds Marine indicate that the company can aim at bec oming the market leader in the particular segment. The weaknesses indicate that there is need for immediate actions in order to overcome them. The threats indicate that the company doesn’t have control over the rates and the prices. From the opportunity analyzed it can be revealed that company’s overall operation can be enhanced. Marinas Strategy The strategy adopted by the marina can be considered as deliberate strategy. The slips need to be reserved by November 15 of each year or the slip is subject to sale on first-come basis. The slips are rented for a year and the amount varies depending upon the size of slip. The company adopts various boat rental strategies in order to meet the demands during the peak season. In order to protect the boats that are left in the water during

Effects of diet and cancer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Effects of diet and cancer - Research Paper Example Secondly, fat consumption facilitates the production of bile that helps in the digestion of fat. Stagnation of bile in the large intestine in a large quantity for a long time results in its conversion to the apcholic acid that is known to be a carcinogen. The effect of diet on cancer is so profound that change of diet can even help one prevent cancer or provide the body with the tendency to fight the disease off in case one is a patient of cancer already. According to the results of numerous studies cited in the press release of the American Association for Cancer Research in the year 2006, girls who are regular consumers of soy not only have reduced risk of developing the breast cancer but also have increased tendency to overcome it (Perry, 2012). Likewise, the risk of colorectal cancer is reduced in men who consume fish at least five times in a week, and those who are already the patients of cancer can fight it off easily by making fish a regular part of their diet. Fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants that are known by various names including phytochemicals and isoflavenes. Consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables is beneficial for people in general and the patients of cancer in particular because the antioxidants function to prevent the development of cancer cells in the body, hinder the spread of carcinogens and other cancer-causing agents to the organs and tissues, and also retard the growth of cancer cells. â€Å"Researcher Carolyn Clifford and her colleagues at the National Cancer Institute report that people who consume few plant foods and a lot of dietary fat have twice the risk of developing cancer as people who eat plenty of fruits, vegetables and whole grains but limited amounts of high-fat foods† (Perry, 2012). Food high in fiber is recommendable for the patients of cancer as well as others in general. High fiber diet reduces the risk of colorectal cancer because the fiber

Should the US have dropped the bomb on Hiroshima Essay

Should the US have dropped the bomb on Hiroshima - Essay Example After three days allied forces used another bomb which dropped on Nagasaki, which easily killed 37000 people and injured 43000 people who also consequently died in the following days1. The bombings were intense, and were soon followed by the surrender of Japan to USA on August 14, 1945. These bombings were the first in history and till date is the only time when nuclear power has been used in the whole world2. Japan and the Atomic bombings Japan was devastated after the bombarding of US on Nagasaki and Hiroshima, the after effects of which were seen through a number of years. Apart from heavy destruction, the bombs resulted in a lot of human loss, people suffered from Gamma radiation which caused instant deaths in just 2 seconds of the explosion, others died from burns as a result of the fires which were caused by the explosion along with mechanical injuries which were caused by the falling of debris resulting from the collapse of buildings. Many who did not die instantly after the e xplosion, suffered injuries from radiation and consequently died in the following days. ... The United States president, Truman provided a justification to the US citizens that the bombing was to save the lives of US citizens and to impress the Soviet Union from playing a role in the war and further making the war last many more days and even years. It was also argued that Japanese had demonstrated a very brave fanatical resistance in surrendering and so without the bombings it would have been nearly impossible for them to surrender. On an event of being asked that there should have been first a demonstration of the nuclear bomb over an unpopulated area to warn Japan and to force it to surrender, Truman said that it would have been a very risky decision to waste one bomb when there were only two available. Another justification in the favor of the bombings provided by the United States was that the two targeted cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, would have been destructed in any case with the use of fire bombs which were already being used in the war. Therefore, they justify t hat the use of the nuclear bombs did not cause more destruction than that from the fire bombings on Japan. The use of nuclear power has always been criticized, therefore, US states that they used the bombs also in order to fear people from the use of it in the future. Nagasaki and Hiroshima already had to be destroyed during the prevailing war and so the use of bombings also saved the life of US citizens, did not harm Japan more than the already predicted outcome of war and also prevented the future use of nuclear power by the rest of the World. The bombs use also ended the war quickly, which in any other scenario was not possible. In the result of the bombarding, the Soviet Union got intimidated by the US and USSR dropped the idea of demanding a joint

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership - Essay Example The Executive Maturity model is based on the idea that the leader should be able to respond effectively to the needs of others under pressure (Trathen 2007). The above model incorporates two key phases: in the first phase, the leader needs ‘to be aware of his own feelings, thoughts and values’ (Trathen 2007, p.71). In the second phase, the leader has ‘to manage the emotional needs of others’ (Trathen 2007, p.71), keeping a balance. On the other hand, Alexander (2008) notes that the key characteristic of a successful leader would be his ability to ‘handle crises and mitigate effects’ (Alexander 2008, p.34). Cooper (2010) notes that the identification of a leader’s competencies is necessary before trying to improve the leader’s effectiveness. After reviewing my leadership strengths and weaknesses, as presented in the previous section, I would come to the following conclusion: I should emphasize more on decreasing the time I need for managing complex tasks, so that I would become more efficient in a range of projects; I should continue focusing on details but I would try to limit the time spent on issues of secondary importance. The Executive Maturity model would help me to change my leadership style, setting appropriate priorities and increasing collaboration. Question 2 Are leaders born or made? Each leader has unique characteristics, even if the particular fact is not clear. Indeed, the leadership style is closely related to the personality of each individual and from this point of view it would be quite difficult to identify two leaders that would respond exactly the same to a series of critical events. Yuki (1988) have noted that ‘leadership effectiveness varies across situations’ (Yuki 1988, cited in... The researcher of this essay discusses the topic of leadership that today is a concept that can incorporate a high range of characteristics. Observing several responses to various challenges, the researcher could identify the strengths and weaknesses of several leaders. Referring to his own leadership strengths and weaknesses, the researcher would highlight the following issues: "I am committed to my studies, trying to respond to all the demands of my position. I have always tried to examine thoroughly the requirements of every task assigned to me, focusing on details. In case of mistakes or failures I’ve been able to respond immediately, suggesting appropriate plans of action. On the other hand, I have often failed in identifying early the risks related to a particular task.". Then , the researcher states that The Executive Maturity model would help him to change his leadership style, setting appropriate priorities and increasing collaboration. On the discussion of the second question "Are leaders born or made?", the researcher states that from his point of view, leadership is both inherited and learned, a view aligned with the view of Larkin. Then, the researcher discusses the differences between leadership & management. In summary, it could be stated that leadership focuses on establishing and promoting the practices that will enhance the performance of organization. Management aims to ensure that employees will follow the guidelines of the leader so that the targets set are achieved.

Forced Segregation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Forced Segregation - Essay Example By confronting the injustice and potential violence, African-Americans organized in a courageous effort to claim their constitutional rights as guaranteed and backed by the US government. The same year that the Supreme Court ruled on Brown v. Board of Education over 100 lawmakers across the South signed the Southern Manifesto, which opposed integrated schools. State legislatures further cut off funding to any public school that allowed integration. African-Americans used this affront to their dignity to organize a concerted effort against the South's segregationist policies. On New Years Day in 1959, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) organized a march to condemn racial inequality. After a prayer meeting in Richmond VA. 800 members marched on the Capitol where they passed a resolution calling for an end to Virginia's public school crisis (The Civil Rights Movement in Virginia). Two weeks later the law that removed financial support for integrated schools was overturned and led to a massive integration movement. The US Government had supported the integration of public education since the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868. However, at that time there was little political will to enforce the amendment. Racist extremist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) ruled the rural south through intimidation and terror.

Qualification Handbook Essay Example for Free

Qualification Handbook Essay Level 3 and 4 Awards in Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector (PTLLS) (6302) October 2011 Version 1. 0 Qualification at a glance Subject area City Guilds number Age group approved Entry requirements Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector 6302 19+ There are no formal entry requirements. Learners are required to have evidence of level 3 vocational skills for the area in which they will teach if they are to progress into teaching in the Lifelong Learning Sector (LLS) This qualification is available at levels 3 and 4. Both levels are to be assessed by a combination of assignments (provided) and observation of teaching/training. Simulation (micro-teaching) is permitted for units 003 and 010. Available (see section 2 Centre requirements) Signature Signature Signature Signature 60 City Guilds Level 3 and 4 Awards in Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector (PTLLS) (6302) Form 2 Assessment front sheet and feedback record PTLLS Level 3/4 This form is mandatory Theory Assessment No: Learner name: Enrolment number: Date issued: Date submitted: I confirm that the evidence for this unit is authentic and a true representation of my own work. Learner signature: Date: Feedback: Continue on a separate sheet if necessary, see overleaf Tutor/Assessor/Marker and IQA’s signatures (IQA if sampled) must be appear on the following page. City Guilds Level 3 and 4 Awards in Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector (PTLLS) (6302) 61 Feedback: (Continued from previous page) Marker/Tutor/Assessor name: Resubmission date (if referred): IQA’s name (if sampled) Grade Grade Date Date Date 62

Family Systems and Healthy Development Essay Example for Free

Family Systems and Healthy Development Essay Healthy development is generally understood as the progressive physical, emotional, cognitive and social maturation that takes place in a person’s life from conception onwards into adulthood. This process is further influenced by a continuous whirlwind of biological and environmental factors. Of the numerous environmental factors that an individual encounters over the course of the life span, it is clear to see family systems play a significant role and can be extremely impactful on the developmental process. To gain a better understanding of the impact of family on healthy development, it is worthwhile to consider the various family structures that exist in our culture. The portrait of the family in today’s society is no longer rigidly defined by marriage, which is characterized by a two parent household with children; rather there are increasing numbers of single parents, teen parents, divorced parents and same-sex couple parents. â€Å"Sometimes we forget the great variety of forms, not only of the families living amongst us, but also those presented in scripture. There are single person families like Mary, Martha, and their brother Lazarus. There are families experiencing difficulties like Joseph and his brothers, or broken families seeking new life like Naomi and Ruth† (Way, 2003). Of the various forms that the family structure can take, one consistent factor that is crucial for the facilitation of healthy development is family stability. Parental mental competence, stable-loving caregivers, positive or negative parenting are all factors that contribute to the establishment of the stability of the family unit. The home environment is arguably one of the most important facets of an individual’s childhood growth and development. When there is structure and stability children tend to thrive and are more self-aware and assertive, versus when there is little to no stability the opposite effect can be expected to occur. â€Å"When disruptions in the stability of the family environment occur, youths’ ability to develop adequate   self-control skills may be compromised, leading to both internalizing and externalizing problems (Malatras Israel, 2013). Though there are notable differences in the childrearing practices around the world there are marked similarities that exist in the context of determining a healthy family unit. It is helpful to consider socioeconomic status, parental contributions and involvement, sibling relationships, family history and cultural norms when trying to determine the overall health of a family system. Factors such as warmth, emotional availability, routine activities such as predictable bed or mealtime activities, religious observances and communication are of considerable importance when evaluating the health of a family system in the Western culture. However in other cultures such as the Caribbean there is less emphasis placed on the feelings of warmth and emotional connections and more on discipline, control and behavior management. Children in the Caribbean are expected to perform adult responsibilities at a much earlier age than their American counterparts. For example in a study conducted on child health in Jamaica â€Å"at the age of four or five, children of both sexes begin doing household chores such as sweeping, mopping, floor polishing, and caring for younger children† (Sargent Harris, 1992). Children are also expected to complete tasks such as cooking and laundry as early as the age of seven. Within the constraints of cultural norms, one can say that a healthy family system is one in which the developing child can thrive physically and emotionally and is on track to becoming a functional member of that society. In the same way that a healthy family system can assist an individual in becoming self-sufficient and aware; there are negative impacts that can occur when there are breakdowns in the foundation of the family. For example in families where psychological maltreatment takes place, the effects can be detrimental to the child who as a result may suffer from low self-esteem, lying, misbehavior, and underachievement in school. The impact of abuse on brain development is also profound and has been linked to a reduction in the size of the amygdala and hippocampus later on in adulthood. It is also noted that the fear, terror and stress associated with abuse may also produce permanent changes due to the overstimulation of the limbic system (Feldman, 2014). In conclusion, one can clearly see the vast significance that the role of  family plays in the physical, spiritual, social and cognitive development of an individual. The family unit is the training ground for life in the world at large and its impact can be either positive or negative. However there are several other factors at work in determining how an individual will handle their life regardless of the cards that they are dealt. For instance a child who grows up in a home where he has been the victim of psychological maltreatment may still have a chance at being a fully functional and contributing member of society due to his resilience and ability to traverse difficult circumstances. Likewise some children who are given all the tools for success, emotional stability and great family environment may still make bad decisions later on in life. The research is unprecedented in its support that healthy family systems, regardless of cultural norms facilitate the production of health y independent adults who are able to thrive in the society of their upbringing. References Feldman, R. S. (2014). Development across the life span (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Malatras, J. W. and Israel, A. C. (2013), The Influence of Family Stability on Self-Control and Adjustment. J. Clin. Psychol., 69: 661–670. doi: 10.1002/jclp.21935. Sargent, C., Harris, M. (1992). Gender ideology, childrearing, and child health in Jamaica. American Ethnologist, 19(3), 523-537. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/645199. Way, P. (2003). Family systems. The Clergy Journal, 80(1), 14-15. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/230514795?accountid=12085.

Ganglioneuroblastoma During Pregnancy †Case Report

Ganglioneuroblastoma During Pregnancy – Case Report Rare case of ganglioneuroblastoma during pregnancy – case report Abstract Ganglioneuroblastoma is a very rare tumor, especially in pregnancy. So far the association between this tumor and pregnancy has not been reported. We present a case of ganglioneuroblastoma relapse at a 3rd trimester pregnant woman. Neurological symptoms developed late, increased by the effects of pregnancy on the brain tumor. Therapeutic management in this case represents a medical dilemma regarding mode setting and timing of delivery, taking into account the maternal-fetal risk-benefit. In this case caesarean section under general anesthesia was settled, with the need of postpartum brain tumor excision. Keywords: ganglioneuroblastoma, pregnancy, treatment, caesarean section Introduction Ganglioneuroblastoma is a neuroblastic tumor containing malignant elements characteristic to neuroblastoma and benign elements found in ganglioneurinoma (1). Intracranial tumors are extremely rare in pregnancy (2). By their rarity and their diagnosis in the last trimester of pregnancy, intracranial tumors have an increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Cranial tumors tend to increase and become symptomatic in the last trimester of pregnancy, the causes not being entirely known. Therefore any woman with an existing neurological condition should consult her obstetrician and her neurologist before she becomes pregnant (3). Management of these cases should evaluate whether the mothers and the fetuss lives are threatened. A multidisciplinary team recommends the optimal timing for the termination of pregnancy, as determined by the fetus maturity and mothers neurological condition (4). The present study reports one case of pregnant women in the third trimester with ganglioneuroblastoma. The patient underwent caesarean section under general anesthesia at 36 weeks gestation with favorable postoperative evolution. So far, there are no well-established protocols regarding the management of intracranial tumors (especially ganglioneuroblastoma) in pregnant women. Case report I.A., 20-year-old woman, G1P1L0, was admitted to our hospital due to weak, irregular uterine contractions in her 36th week of gestation. Patient’s history: in 2005 the patient was diagnosed with right parietal lobe ganglioneuroblastoma. She had undergone surgery followed by radiochemotherapy and anticonvulsive therapy with phenytoin for about one year with favorable outcome. Six years following resection, the patient had no radiologic recurrence. The pregnant woman was taken out by a gynecologist in the first trimester of pregnancy, with the usual analyzes of pregnancy, ultrasound and regular prenatal checkups without objective neurological signs until the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Therapeutic attitude assumed identification of neurological symptoms in order to determine the optimal treatment, maintaining a low fetal risk and continuing uncomplicated pregnancy until birth. Methods Investigation protocol included routine tests and imaging tests. Neurological examination revealed vestibular syndrome and nystagmus which recommended contrast MRI. MRI conclusions: In the right parietal lobe, postcentral, viewed a well-shaped image of 32mm in diameter, nongadolinium-enhanced, sequel looking. An area of oedema with irregular outline in white matter was surrounding it. In the right temporal lobe, adjacent to the sylvian seizure, in hyposignal T2 image showed a nodular-shaped tumor of about 7mm in diameter with discrete central heterogenity (gadolinium-enhanced). No perilesional oedema. Ventricular system located on the midline. MRI based neurosurgical consultation has determined that the tumor was operable and stated the need of postpartum surgery (excision of the brain tumor). All fetal biometric parameters studied were below the 10th percentile for gestational age, showing a linear decrease with gestation until the end of pregnancy. The difference between menstrual age and gestational age determined by ultrasound was 3 weeks and 3 days. Estimated fetal weight was 2420 g, which placed the infant in the 6th percentile. The amniotic fluid index was 7.5 cm, confirming the diagnosis of IUGR. The patient had received dexamethasone treatment with double purpose: fetal lung maturation and reduced perilesional cerebral oedema in order to decrease focal neurological symptoms. The association between IUGR, repeated variable cardiotocography decelerations and brain tumor recurrence with emphasized neurological symptoms imposed urgent caesarean section. Medical committee composed of obstetrician, anesthesiologist, neurosurgeon and neonatologist decided caesarean section under general anesthesia, which was performed 5 days after the admission of the patient. Results A 20 year-old patient, I.A., known with operated and radiochemotreated ganglioneuroblastoma eight years earliar, with ongoing pregnancy (36 weeks) was admitted to our clinic for weak uterine contractions and associated neurological symptoms (vestibular syndrome, nystagmus, slightly right motor deficit). She followed a protocol of blood tests, imaging and interdisciplinary consultations establishing the diagnosis of brain tumor, possible relapse of old pathology. Fetal biometry measurements and fetal biological parameters objectified the existence of fetal distress risk of premature birth or miscarriage. Those set the need for preoperative corticosteroid therapy (Dexamethasone) for lung maturation and perilesional brain oedema control and emergency caesarean under general anesthesia. Caesarean section was performed 5 days after admission, without early nor late intraoperative and postoperative complications. It resulted an unique live female newborn, weighing 2670g, 9 Apgar, with physiological vital functions, not requiring special follow-up. Recovery of the mother was complication-free with persistent, constant postoperative neurological symptoms. When discharged, the patient was recommended ambulatory neurosurgical exam to establish the opportunity of surgery targeting the brain tumor. Discussions Ganglioneuroblastoma is a tumor of the sympathetic nervous system that arises from primitive sympathogonia and is composed of both mature gangliocytes and immature neuroblasts and has intermediate malignant potential (5). These tumors are rare. They occur in fewer than five out of one million children each year (6). Ganglioneuroblastomas are extremely rare in adults, with only about 50 cases documented in people over the age of 20, and only five cases observed in the adult brain (7). There are no reports of ganglioneuroblastoma presenting during pregnancy in medical literature (8). Objectification of brain tumor by contrast MRI was necessary to establish the subsequent therapeutic management, although in literature there are â€Å"not enough studies to determine the safe use of contrast in pregnancy (9). MRI is probably the imaging diagnostic procedure of choice and should be performed when a brain tumor is suspected (10). Before pregnancy the patient was declared cured, as no clinical nor radiological tumor relapse existed for six years. It is likely that pregnancy-induced changes have a tumorigenic effect, due to several factors such as fluid retention, increased blood volume and hormonal changes (11). Pregnancy is an aggravating factor for brain tumours on which it acts by three mechanisms: acceleration of tumor growth, increase of peritumoral oedema and the immunotolerance to foreign tissue antigens that is proper to pregnancy (12). Normal physiological changes during the pregnancy, such as increased levels of gonadotropins and augmented fluid volume status may accelerate the growth of some types of brain tumors (13). The combination of oligohydramnios and IUGR portends a less favorable outcome, and early delivery should be considered (14). Treatment of brain tumor in pregnancy requires an integrated multidisciplinary approach, which includes neurosurgery, ophthalmology, radiology, obstetrics, neonatal pediatrics (15). Indication for type of delivery is controversial. The best moment to recommend the craniotomy and the neurosurgical removal of the tumor will depend of the mothers neurological condition, the histological tumor type as well as the gestational age. In a study published in 2011, performed on 10 patients with brain tumors diagnosed during pregnancy, prior to craniotomy, five patients had caesarean sections, two others had vaginal deliveries, in three patients the delivery took place after the brain tumor treatment(16). The caesarean section was made under general anesthesia. Studies have shown that general anesthesia remains safe and dependable for operative delivery in parturients with intracranial tumor. Tracheal intubation allows maternal hyperventilation thereby controlling raised intracranial pressure. Hemodynamic stability is readily achieved to maintain cerebral perfusion (17). Conclusions Ganglioneuroblastoma is a rare brain tumor in childhood, and appears exceptionally in pregnant women. Pregnancy and brain tumor have mutual negative effect on the patient. Brain tumors that develop in pregnant women have to be diagnosed and assessed through MRI, although the effect of gadolinium contrast on the pregnancy is yet unknown and needs further medical studies. The order of obstetrical an neurosurgical treatment of pregnant women with brain tumors requires an integrated multidisciplinary approach, including neurosurgery, radiology, obstetrics, neonatal pediatrics which have to assess all maternal-fetal risks and benefits. Lack of brain tumor reccurence 6 years after currative neurosurgical treatment was not enough to establish that the patient was cured. The patient suffered a brain tumor relapse 8 years after brain surgery probably due to metabolic and hormonal changes induced by pregnancy. References 1.Robertson H.E. Das Ganglioneuroblastom ein besonederer Typus im System der Neurome. Virchows Arch [Pathol Anat]. 1915;63: 147-168 2. Pavlidis NA. Coexistence of pregnancy and malignancy. The Oncologist 2002;7: 279-87. 3. Carmel Armon, Stephen A Berman. Neurologic Disease and Pregnancy. Medscape reference; 8 nov 2012 4. Ducray F, Colin P, Cartalat-Carel S, et al. Management of malignant gliomas diagnosed during pregnancy. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2006;162: 322–9. 5. Lonergan GJ, Schwab CM, Suarez ES, Carlson CL. Neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2002; 22: 911-34. 6. Linda J., Vorvick, MD and Yi-Bin Chen, MD. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD. A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. Ganglioneuroblastoma; Last reviewed: February 7, 2012. 7. Schipper MH, van Duinen SG, Taphoorn MJ, Kloet A, Walchenbach R, Wiggenraad RG, Vecht CJ. Department of Neurology, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands. Cerebral ganglioneuroblastoma of adult onset: two patients and a review of the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2012 Jul;114(6):529-34. 8. Manjusha Sanjay Rathi. Ganglioneuroblastoma: First presentation during pregnancy; Program: Abstracts Orals, Featured Poster Presentations, and Posters Monday, June 17, 2013; Kings Mill Hospital, Sutton in Ashfield, United Kingdom 9. Black P, Morokoff A, Zauberman J, Claus E, Carroll R. Meningiomas: science and surgery. Clin Neurosurg. 2007;54:91-9. 10. Awada A, Watson T, Obeid T. Cavernous angioma presenting as pregnancy-related seizures. Epilepsia, 38 (7): 844-6, 1997. 11. Wlody D: Neurosurgery in the pregnant patient. Newfield P, Cottrell J, editors. Philadelphia: WW Lippincott; 1999. 12. Depret-Mosser S, Jomin M, Monnier JC, Vinatier D, Bouthors-Ducloy AS, Christiaens JL, Krivosic-Horber R. Cerebral tumors and pregnancy. Apropos of 8 cases. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 1993; 22(1):71-80. 13. Poisson M, Pertuiset BF, Hauw JJ, Philippon J, Buge A, Moguilewsky M, et al. Steroid hormone receptors in human meningiomas, gliomas and brain metastases. J Neurooncol 1983;1:179-89. 14. Golan A, Lin G, Evron S, Arieli S, Niv D, David MP. Oligohydramnios: maternal complications and fetal outcome in 145 cases. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1994;37:91–5. 15. Khalil E Rajab, FRCOG, FFFP Nouf Behzad N, MD, Arab Board. Brain Tumor in Pregnancy. Bahrain Medical Bulletin, Vol 35, No 1, March 2013. 16. Lynch JC, Gouvà ªa F, Emmerich JC, Kokinovrachos G, Pereira C, Welling L, Kislanov S. Management strategy for brain tumour diagnosed during pregnancy. Br J Neurosurg. 2011 Apr;25(2):225-30. doi: 10.3109/02688697.2010.508846. Epub 2010 Sep 8. 17. Lily Chang, Lian Looi-Lyons, Lydia Bartosik, Simon Tindal; Anesthesia for cesarean section in two patients with brain tumours. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. January 1999, Volume 46, Issue 1, pp 61-65 1

Anorexia Nervosa :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anorexia nervosa is a serious problem that many people are dealing with in today’s society. Though this is a serious problem, the severity of the illness can easily be lessened with quick intervention from parents, friends, and other caring individuals. People who are close to the victim can notice early warning signs and symptoms, which are characteristic of this condition. Anorexia nervosa may be a life threatening illness, but can be treated if detected early on. There are many effective treatments that are currently available for patients. These different treatments will help the patient regain a healthy, normal lifestyle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The only real answer to the question of what type of people anorexia nervosa affects is that there is no valid answer even though researchers have found that the amount of people who develop anorexia nervosa is rising drastically. Researchers have also found that many patients with anorexia nervosa typically lack self-esteem and often feel that weight loss will make them more liked or even popular.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many different symptoms that anorexics display. The symptoms can be both physical and psychological. The physical symptoms only occur after a severe amount of starvation has occurred. The symptoms often include constipation, loss of hair on the head, growth of faint body hair, low pulse rate, and the patient is unable to tolerate cold temperatures. Anorexics also experience many different endocrine problems. The psychological problems can range from social withdrawal to distortion of body image.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is no real answer as to exactly what causes anorexia nervosa. Researchers believe that environmental, psychological, and physiological factors all play a major role in the happening of this disorder. Many scientists believe that the part of the brain called the hypothalamus has a part in the development of anorexia nervosa. Other researchers think that abnormalities in particular endocrine functions may be key to discovering what may cause anorexia nervosa.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three different ways that patients with anorexia nervosa can be treated. These treatments consist of nutritional therapy, family counseling, and psychotherapy for the patient. The foremost concern when beginning nutritional therapy is that the patient needs to gain weight. A physician can accomplish this by adding an amount of calories to a patient’s daily intake of food. Family counseling basically deals with the relationship between the patient and the members of the family. Psychotherapy is very necessary to the patient because it helps the individual realize the effects and the process anorexia nervosa undergoes.

Heroes :: essays research papers

Heroes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hero. When we think of a hero, what automatically comes to mind? To some it may be someone legendary. Others might think of a hero as someone of great strength or ability. Perchance an illustrious soldier or warrior. Perhaps someone admired for their achievements and great qualities. To me, it once meant someone that showed great courage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two characters that remind me of heroes are Bernie, from the movie Hero, and Arthur, from the story â€Å"Arthur Becomes King†. These two characters have many similarities. One similarity is that in both stories, the hero is the last one who would be thought of as a hero. The reason being that Arthur is a meager squire. In Bernie’s case, well, as his ex-wife said, â€Å"It was against his religion to be nice†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another similarity is that both were not liked by all. Arthur was not liked by Sir Kay. Bernie was not liked because of his cynical way of being. Also, both were not believed when they first told their stories. It took Arthur three or four times to prove that he indeed was the one who pulled out the sword from the stone. Bernie did not even get the chance to tell some one what he had done.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is also the similarity in that both, Arthur and Bernie, did not realize that they were special or in some way heroes. Arthur thought he was merely getting a sword for Kay. Bernie was so preoccupied with his illegal selling of stolen credit cards and finding a way to buy time for him not to go to jail. Also, both of their actions cause good to happen to the people around them. With these examples we can see that Arthur and Bernie were a lot a like.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Bernie and Arthur had many similarities, they also had many differences. A considerably significant difference is that Bernie’s and Arthur’s personalities were as diverse as heavy metal and classical music. Arthur was humble and forgiving. Bernie, on the other hand, was a cynical man who had nobody's interest but himself in mind. There is also the difference in the plot. In†Arthur Becomes King†, Arthur is a young boy who makes everything peaceful in his kingdom. Bernie causes John Bubber to want to commit suicide, although he does save fifty-four lives, including a little boy who receives mass media attention.

Climate Change and Air Pollution in Australia Essay -- Global Warming E

Climate Change and Air Pollution in Australia Air Pollution Fortunately for Alice Springs and much of the Northern Territory, its remote location and low population density mean that the city is not a large source of air pollution. In fact, in a report issued by the Northern Territory Minister of Infrastructure, Planning, and Environment, it is said that while doing testing for the National Environmental Protection Measure the government only tested for particulate matter in Alice Springs, instead of the whole slate of air pollutants, which would have included Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide, and Nitrogen Dioxide. These other pollutants were not a concern, because of the location and low population density of Alice Springs. While testing for particulate matter, the study found only two days over the entire year where particulate matter levels exceeded the National Environmental Protection Measure standards. This was attributed to bushfires and households burning wood for heat in the winter. Although this particula r study did not test for them, Alice Springs does produce significant amounts of greenhouse gases. In June 2006, the Alice Springs Town Council issued the Local Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, in which they explain how much CO2 the town emitted in 1996, and exactly where the emissions came from. In 1996, the city was responsible for 325,370 tonnes of CO2 emissions. Electricity is responsible for the majority of the emissions, while fossil fuels and waste account for the rest. The Town Council’s plan to reduce these emissions hopes to cut them to 80% of 1996 levels by 2010. They plan to focus on reducing electricity consumption. Within buildings managed by the c... ...n Alice Springs. http://www.alicesprings.nt.gov.au/astc_site/your_council/council_publications/plans/local_action_plan_to_reduce_greenhouse_gas_in_alice_springs. June 2006. Australian Government Department of Climate Change. Australia’s Solar Cities. http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/solarcities/alicesprings/index.html Linacre, E. The last ice age in Australia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea. http://www-das.uwyo.edu/~geerts/cwx/notes/chap15/lgm_oz.html Peatling, Stephanie. Australia tops greenhouse pollution index Sydney Morning Herald. 19 June 2004. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/06/18/1087245110190.html Vatskalis, Kon. Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure for the Northern Territory. http://www.ephc.gov.au/pdf/annrep_01_02/179-181_Jur_Rep_AAQ_NT.pdf

John Stuart Mill Essay

In the ethical simulation Aaron Web an employee in the IT department of the company we worked for wrote a blog about some confidential information within in our company. It is against company policy for employees to release confidential information about our company. In this company it is my duty not to reward employees who violate the code of conduct or break the law, to honor employees’ right to free expression even when they are critical of the company, and to ensure that privileged information about the company is not made public. After some investigation and an anonymous tip from another employee that hacked into Aaron’s home computer I decided that it would be best for our company to let Aaron go, because I felt that simply letting him off with a warning would not send a strong enough message to him and other employees about the seriousness of breaking company policy. Although Jamal Moore who I was told is a good employee and was diligent in investigating the situation to prove that our company network is not secure enough I thought it was best to let him go as well, because hacking into another employee’s personal computer is also against company policy and two wrongs do not make a right, nor did I think it would be ethical to fire one person for breaking company policy and not another. Personally I would have preferred to let Jamal off with a warning, because his supervisor did tell me that he is a good employee, and without the information he provided it would have been hard to catch Aaron, but to protect the company from a law suit I thought it was best to let him go as well. It was more important for me to think of what would be best for the company as a whole using Utilitarian ethics which focuses on the greater good for the greatest number of people in the company as well as Consequentialist Ethics which focuses on the consequences of a decision or action. I had to think about how other employee’s would react if this situation was taken lightly, as well as the reputation of our company. I didn’t want the situation to be taken lightly, because I wanted to send a message to any employee working for our company that it is not ok to break company policy for any reason, and I wanted our shareholders to feel that their investment is being protected at all costs. It does personally bother me that I had to make such a drastic decision that may negatively affect the lives of 2 people, but I felt the need to make that decision to make sure that something like this doesn’t happen again. At my job at the West Palm Beach Veteran’s Hospital my supervisor has a no nonsense approach to employees being late, because in the past she has seen that if one person gets away with it there is usually someone one else that might try it, and not only does it make the company look bad, but it effects productivity. Doing this ethics simulation showed me how hard it can be to make ethical decisions in the work place, because they don’t always agree with your personal ethical values. One personal experience where my personal ethical belief did not agree with the policy at my job is when a patient in a wheel chair had to be at another appointment within in the hospital, and needed assistance getting there so that he would not be late. As a medical support assistant it is my job to call aid and assistance to come pick the patient up to take him to is next appointment. It is against company policy to assist in moving a patient unless you are a part of the clinical staff. I know that the people that work in aid and assistant are usually late to pick patients up for their next appointment, and didn’t want te patient to be late, because in many cases when a patient is more than 15 minute their appointment is cancelled. I would have liked to help him get to his appointment, but I did not want disciplinary action taken against me if my supervisory discovered that I had left my desk without consent. Although I was not able to physically help the patient I was able to call the clinic where his next appointment was located and let them know that he might be running a little late. Although I felt it was not ethical for me to not be able to help the patient get to his next appointment I understood why it was company policy, and I followed the rules, but still found a way to help the best I could. I think that there are a lot of things we have to take into account when making ethical decisions, and doing the ethics simulation showed me how to evaluate situation in more depth to reach a decision that is best for everyone involved.

Factor For Successful Endodontic Treatment Health And Social Care Essay

Working length finding is a important factor for successful endodontic intervention. It is a corono-apical distance within the root canal system, which confines cleaning, determining and obturation ( 1 ) . The apical bound is the narrowest point of the canal, the alleged apical bottleneck or minor hiatuss, which normally coincides with the cemento-dentinal junction. It is the anatomical and histological passage of the mush to periapical tissues. The apical bottleneck is by and large accepted to be located at 0.5aˆ’0.75 mm wreath to the major apical hiatuss ( 2 ) . Underestimate of WL can take to deficient debridement of root canal infinite and subsequent failure of endodontic intervention, whereas overestimate of WL may interfere with healing procedure through chemical and mechanical annoyance of periapical tissues, ensuing in a relentless inflammatory status and foreign organic structure reaction. Optimum mending status occurs when the obturation stuff is in minimum conta ct with apical tissues ( 3 ) . Traditionally, the WL is determined by radiogram and/or electronic devices ( 4 ) . Radiograms have been normally used to find the root canal length. However, it is non rather predictable as a consequence of planar measuring of a 3-dimensional construction ( 5 ) . Besides, it is impossible to nail the exact location of the bottleneck, sing the fact that the apical hiatuss normally deviates to the side of the root and emerges at assorted distances within 3 millimeter from the anatomic vertex ( 6 ) . In add-on, the diagnostic value of radiogram is deeply influenced by superimposition of anatomical and cadaverous constructions, cone angulations, tooth disposition and movie processing, which can accordingly take to intra-operative variableness, magnification and image deformation ( 5,7,8 ) . Evidence has shown that when the file is introduced into the canal and estimated as short of the radiographic vertex, there is 93 % overestimate with the bisecting angle technique and 20 % with the paralleling technique ( 9 ) . Other disadvantages of the radiographic technique are j eopardies of ionising radiation, proficient mistakes and the clip needed ( 5,10 ) . Electronic vertex locaters ( EALs ) are now widely used to find the root canal length. They give more accurate measurings when compared to the radiographic technique ( 11 ) . The construct of electronic finding of the WL was foremost proposed by Custer in 1918 and followed by Suzuki, who discovered a changeless electrical opposition value of 6.5 ka„ ¦ between the periodontic ligament and the unwritten mucous membrane. In 1962 Sunada applied the rule to the clinical pattern and developed the first EALs ( 12 ) . Since so, four coevalss of EALs have been introduced. The first two coevalss had defects of hapless truth in the presence of electrolytes and needed standardization, which was overcome by subsequent coevalss ( 13 ) . The Root ZX vertex locater ( J. MoritaA Corp. , Tokyo, Japan ) measures the electric resistance ratio to turn up the apical bottleneck by utilizing two different frequences, irrespective of the type of the electrolyte in the canal, and requires no standardi zation ( 14 ) . The effects of assorted factors, such as file size ( 15 ) , file metal ( 16 ) , primary teething ( 17 ) , tooth type ( 18 ) , apex locater type ( 19 ) , apical hiatuss diameter ( 15 ) , canal diameter ( 20 ) , canal preflaring ( 21,22 ) , mush verve ( 23 ) , root reabsorption ( 24 ) , root break ( 25 ) , apical periodontal disease ( 26 ) , irrigant solution ( 27 ) and endodontic retreatment ( 28 ) , on the truth of EALs have been evaluated. Furthermore, tooth length fluctuations may impact the truth of EALs because a file is more likely to be interfered within long canals than short 1s in making the apical mention degree. There are no surveies available on the influence of tooth length, as a possible interfering factor, on the map of EALs. Thus, the purpose of this ex vivo survey was to measure the influence of tooth length on the truth of Root ZX vertex locater.Materials and MethodsForty extracted human maxillary eyetooths with a length scope of 27aˆ’29 millimeters were s elected. The dentitions were soaked in 5.25 % Na hypochlorite for three hours and rinsed in a bath with tap H2O for five proceedingss to take periodontic tissue leftovers. All the dentitions were checkedA for the absence of external clefts, unfastened vertexs, Restorations, root reabsorption, and old root canal intervention. The dentitions were placed in distilled H2O incorporating 10 % formol until needed. ConventionalA accessA pit was prepared with a unit of ammunition diamond bur and finished with Endo Z bur ( Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland ) under continuousA waterA spray. The same bur was used to make a level surface to hold a stable mention point. The leftovers of mush tissue and dust were removed with sizes 10 and 15 K-type files ( Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland ) . The coronal tierce of each canal was flared with sizes 2, 3, and 4 Gates-Glidden burs. The canals were irrigated with 2.5 % Na hypochlorite solution and normal saline utilizing a 27-gauge acerate leaf after each instrument. The patency of the apical hiatuss was confirmed with a size 10 K-type file. The full tooth length was mounted in self-curing acrylic rosin ( Vertex, Zeist, A Netherlands ) to ease sectioning except for the apical 3aˆ’4 millimeter of the root. In order to recover the entree pit throughA the acrylic rosin, it was covered with a cotton pellet followed by wax physiq ue up. The existent length was the distance from the coronal mention point to the major apical hiatuss, which was determined by infixing a size 10 or 15 K-type file into the canal until the file tip was merely seeable at the degree of the apical hiatuss under a surgical microscope ( OPMIA Primo, A CarlA Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany ) at A-16 magnification. The silicone halt was carefully adjusted to the degree of mention point and the file was removed. The distance from the silicone halt to the file tip was recorded with an endodontic swayer to the nearest 0.25 millimeter under A-3A magnificationA of binocularA loupesA ( Heine, Herrsching, Germany ) . The electronic length was determined with a modified polythene box incorporating alginate ( Alginoplast ; Heraeus-Kulzer, Hanau, Germany ) asA describedA by Baldi et Al ( 29 ) . Two openings were made in the palpebras, one in the centre for puting the tooth, and the other laterally for puting the lip electrode of the electronic vertex locater. The root canals were irrigated with normal saline, with the extra being removed utilizing paper points before the electronic location process. The lip electrode was immersed in the several opening in the palpebra, coming into contact with the alginate ; a size 10 or 15 K-type file and 31 millimeter in length was so connected to the file electrode for electronic measuring. The file electrode was connected to the file at a distance of 1aˆ’3 millimeter from the mention point for all the measurings. The file was inserted into the canal until the device beeped the reading of â€Å" APEX † , bespeaking the major apical hiatuss. The silicone halt was so carefully adjusted to the mention degree. The file was removed and the distance from the silicone halt to the file tip was measured. The measurings were made within theA two toleranceA bounds of A ±0.5A and A ±1.0 millimeter. All the dentition ( runing from 27 to 29 millimeters in length ) were horizontally sectioned at 3 millimeter from the coronal mention plane to do the 2nd length group of 40 dentitions ( runing from 24 to 26 millimeters in length ) . The subdivisions were made with a water-cooled, slow-speed diamond saw sectioningA machine. In the same mode, decrease in the length by 3-mm cuts continued up to 6 subdivisions. Therefore, there were 7 groups with 40 dentitions in each group as follows: L1= 27aˆ’29 millimeter, L2=24aˆ’26 millimeter, L3=21aˆ’23 millimeter, L4=18aˆ’20 millimeter, L5=15aˆ’17 millimeter, L6=12aˆ’14 millimeter, and L7=9aˆ’11 mm ( Fig. 1 ) . After each subdivision, the existent and electronic root canal length measurings were made. All the measurings were made in triplicate, and the average value of the three readings was recorded.Statistical AnalysisDatas were analyzed utilizing SPSS package, version 15 ( SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL ) . Statistical analysis was carried out by the Pearson ‘s additive correlativity coefficient in two ways. First, the correlativity between the acceptable measurings at the 0.5- and 1.0-mm tolerance and the root canal lengths in the 7 length groups was analyzed. Second, the correlativity between the distance from the file tip to the apical hiatuss and the root canal lengths was evaluated. Correlation was important at 0.01 degree.ConsequencesIn 7 groups of 40 dentitions, a sum of 840 electronic measurings, three with each length, were made. Table 1 shows the per centum and figure of acceptable measurings for 7 length groups, determined by Root ZX vertex locater. Figure 2A shows scatter secret plan of the correlativity between the per centums of the acceptable measurings of the vertex locater and the root canal lengths in the 7 length groups for the two mistake scopes of A ±0.5 and A ±1 millimeter. There was a negative correlativity between the acc eptable measurings of apex locater and the root canal lengths in the 7 length groups for the two mistake scopes of A ±0.5 ( r=-0.975, P & lt ; 0.001 ) and A ±1 millimeter ( r=-0.889, P & lt ; 0.001 ) . Figure 2B shows scatter secret plan of the correlativity between the distance from the file tip to the apical hiatuss and root canal lengths. There was a positive correlativity between the distance from the file tip to the apical hiatuss and root canal lengths ( r=0.4, P & lt ; 0.001 ) .DiscussionIt has been reported that EALs are accurate in finding the working length in 31aˆ’100 % of the times ( 30,31 ) . The file intervention within the root canal infinite may act upon the truth of EALs. de Camargo et Al ( 21 ) and Ibarrola et Al ( 22 ) observed a better public presentation of the Root ZX vertex locater in the preflared canals. They reported that this may be attributed to the riddance of cervical dentin interventions. Herrera et Al ( 32 ) claimed that the preciseness of EALs might be influenced by the file size as smaller files leave infinite inside the canal whereas larger files fit tighter. Tooth length is another factor which can impact the file intervention within the root canal. There is a broad scope of tooth lengths for dentition in demand of root canal therapy. Maxillary eyetooths are the longest dentition with an mean length of 26.5 millimeters whereas maxillary 3rd grinders are the shortest dentition with an mean length of 17 millimeter ( 33 ) . Furthermore, factors such as dental cavities and injury can cut down tooth length. Since the file is more likely to be interfered within the canal in long dentitions than in short dentition, this survey was designed to find if the tooth length would act upon the truth of EALs. Since the purpose of this survey was to measure the influence of tooth length on the truth of the vertex locater, maxillary eyetooths were used as the longest dentition in the unwritten pit. Among these dentitions the long 1s with a length scope of 27aˆ’29 millimeters were selected. To extinguish the confounding factors, including apical hiatuss diameter, canal diameter, canal curvature, and to do the groups every bit homogenous as possible, the same dentition were used in the present survey with gradual length decrease to do dentitions with shorter lengths alternatively of utilizing different dentitions with a broad scope of lengths. Different apical mention points and experimental protocols have been established to measure the truth of EALs. Since the place of apical bottleneck and its relationship with the CDJ are extremely irregular ( 2,4,18,32 ) , the major apical hiatuss was a preferable apical mention point and †APEX † grade on the Root ZX show was used. Therefore, shaving the apical tierce of the root was unneeded. Baldi et Al ( 29 ) compared alginate, gelatin, saline, sponge, and agar as implanting media in the rating of the truth of EALs. They reported no statistically important differences between the media used. However, alginate provided the most consistent consequences. It has good electroconductive belongingss, reproduces the periodontium and is easy prepared. Therefore, the preferable embedding medium in this survey was alginate. Measurements attained within the A ±0.5-mm border of mistake, which is considered an acceptable tolerance scope, are extremely accurate ( 34 ) . However, A ±1-mm border of mistake is clinically assumed to be acceptable because a broad scope is seen in the form of the apical zone and due to the deficiency of exact limit of apical landmarks ( 35 ) . In this survey, both scopes of mistake were considered in measuring the truth of the electronic vertex locater. The average truth rates of Root ZX within A ±0.5- and A ±1-mm border of mistake were 72.86 % and 95 % , severally. Furthermore, the precise measuring with Root ZX apex locater was 4.07 % , consistent with the consequences of other surveies describing low proportion of exact measurings with the vertex locater ( 15,31 ) . The per centum of acceptable measurings to a tolerance of A ±0.5 millimeter was 52.50 % in the L1 group ( 27aˆ’29 millimeter ) , which increased by 10 % in the L2 group ( 24aˆ’26 millimeter ) . Overall, the truth of the electronic vertex locater increased bit by bit with consecutive tooth length decrease. It increased by 37.5 % in the L7 group ( 9aˆ’11 millimeter ) compared to the L1 group. Positive values mean that the file extended through the major apical hiatuss, whereas negative values mean the file tip was positioned before the major apical hiatuss. In this survey, high inclination of Root ZX was observed toward negative values. Besides of involvement was the specific form of distribution for acceptable measurings among the length groups. The high Numberss of the negative values in the first length group were bit by bit converted into positive values during the subsequent length decreases. Sing the technique used in this survey, which required consecutive tooth length decreases, it was non practical to execute an in vivo experiment. However, Duran-Sindreu et Al ( 36 ) demonstrated no statistically important differences in the truth of Root ZX electronic vertex locater between in vivo and in vitro theoretical accounts.DecisionUnder the conditions of the present survey, the truth of the electronic vertex locater was influenced by tooth length. The electronic vertex locater provided higher truth in short dentitions compared to longer 1s. FurtherA studiesA areA neededA toA confirmA these findings.

“Popular Mechanics” by Raymond Carver Essay

Essay discussing the role played by the setting in â€Å"Popular Mechanics.† Analyze the central characters relationship to their surroundings. Does the setting limit the characters options or influence the development of the plot? Does the setting play any significant role in enhancing the theme of the story? â€Å"Popular Mechanics† was written in order to make the audience imagine their own details. The descriptions in this story are very basic and plain, the man and woman in the story are nameless with no clue of physical description, and there is no mention of what city, state or country the story takes place. This allows the reader to picture the surroundings and details of the story in their own way, maybe the reader has heard of or been in similar situations and they can put their own faces and locations into the story. The setting is given in very little detail, but it is also the most detail of any element in the story. The setting is a very important part of the story and is used to symbolize, foreshadow and relate with the events and characters. The setting described in the first paragraph prepares the reader for a dark, uncomfortable story. â€Å"Early that day the weather turned and the snow was melting into dirty water.† (Paragraph 1) All of these elements in the setting outside the house are used as symbols for something inside the house. This shows that something good or pure, â€Å"snow† or relationship, is turning into something ugly, â€Å"dirty water† or separation, and it is happening fast, â€Å"early that day.† The first paragraph continues, â€Å"Streaks of it ran down from the little shoulder-high window that faced the backyard.† (Paragraph 1) This paragraph gives very little detail of the house, but enough to get a mental picture. In this line, â€Å"it† refers to the dirty water which is a symbol for the break down of the relationship of the man and woman. The house is small, shown by  the description of a â€Å"little shoulder-high window.† The story later gives another description that the house is small in paragraph eleven, â€Å"She stood in the doorway of the ‘little kitchen’, holding the baby.† The little kitchen is most likely inside a little house. Even though the reader is never specifically told that the house is little, the audience gets small details that spark something in the reader to imagine a small house. The little house can tie in with the characters fight. The house may be too small for the woman to be comfortable raising a child there, or it may be too small for the man’s pride, both these situations can lead to arguments. The most obvious tie in with the characters and the small house is the fact that it is too small for the both of them, the man is leaving and the woman is glad he is. A bigger house means more success, more pride, and more happiness. All of these elements can possibly lead to a happier relationship. The fact that the window faces the backyard gives the events that go on inside the house a sense of privacy. The neighbors can see what is going on in the front yard; the backyard is used for privacy, when you do not really want everyone to know what you are doing. This description symbolizes the bad relationship that develops and â€Å"runs† through the small house when the doors are closed. The next line foreshadows the events that happen in the house. â€Å"Cars slushed by on the street outside, where it was getting dark. But it was getting dark on the inside too.† Here the story is pointing out that what is going on outside is going on inside too, and the reader should make the correlation at this point. The characters relate to the setting here because they are getting dark on the inside as well; the heart, mind and soul of the characters are growing dark feelings. The fact that it is â€Å"getting dark on the inside too† shows that things such as daylight, happiness, love and a relationship are coming to an end and things such as darkness, anger, sadness, and hatred are beginning. The setting is also used symbolically in the story when the flower pot is broken, â€Å"In the scuffle they knocked down a flowerpot.† (Paragraph 26) The flowerpot is used to symbolize the breaking up of the man and woman, and the breaking of the baby. Although the rea der is not told if the baby was physically broken, the emotional and mental  damage that a child goes through when their parents separate can be seen as a possibility for the child in the story. The setting sets the tone for the story, symbolizes elements inside the house, relates with the characters and foreshadows the events of the story. All of these elements are very important to the story and they are all given in three short paragraphs (Paragraphs 1, 11, 26). The setting is given the greatest amount of detail while the rest of the story is given almost no detail, only stereotypical behavior. The reader is required to imagine their own timeline, faces, and many other details, but the setting is told to show the overall mood the writer wanted the reader to see. This proves that the setting is a very powerful element to show that the relationship between the man and the woman and everything that surrounds them is going from good to bad and eventually, everything is broken.

My Favorite Dish Essay

My Favorite Dish Most of us have a certain type of favorite dish, but my favorite dish is seared steak with a garlic glaze. I love this dish because it reminds of that time my cousin told me about it and described it. Ever since he told me I always wanted it to try it. I couldn’t try the dish because he didn’t know the name of it and so I couldn’t try it out in some other restaurant or make it myself. The only way I had to try it was to go where he lives and he lives out of state, I had to wait a few months to taste it. That made me want to try it even more. 2 years ago my dad came home from work with very good news he told my family that we were going to spend Christmas with my family in Bellevue, Washington. When I heard the good news I was so happy I was going to try the dish my cousin was telling me about. I was just counting the days to go, I remember it was December 15 we packed out stuff and went to Washington. The first thing we did was go out to eat and it was in that Restaurant in Bellevue I don’t really remember the name of it I just wanted to try the dish. The restaurant was located between Bellevue and Seattle. In the restaurant we got the got the menu and my cousin pointed at the dish and it was called Seared steak with garlic glaze. I didn’t really want to try it because of the garlic but I waited so long for this dish I had to try it. I got my dish and it looked weird but smelled so good. The garlic along with the spices it had on the glaze smelled so good was making me want to jump for it right away. The steak was hot and cooked well done and was about  ½ inch thick had good color to it the glaze was brownish looking. The glaze was covered with garlic cloves I made a weird face when I saw it. I took my first bite and I am not a fan of garlic but I loved it was so good, I said to myself all this wait was worth it that garlic taste mixed with some spices they used made it taste so delicious never have I tasted something like it. After Christmas we came back to Los Angeles California I was just  remembering the taste of seared steak I wanted to try to and make my own. I searched online and found a recipe and it seemed pretty easy and didn’t use that many ingredients. I went to the local super market by my house and had most of the ingredients it required, the only thing I couldn’t find was rosemary I think they had it I just didn’t know where to find it. I went home and luckily there was rosemary in the house. I seared the steak so it can be really dry and I seasoned it with salt, pepper and steak seasoning so it can have a good crust and cooked it in a cast iron skillet. The steak smelled good already so was time to make the glaze the glaze was really simple just some garlic beef broth and rosemary. My dish was done it didn’t take a long time it took me about 25-30 minutes. My dish didn’t come out as it looked back in the restaurant I think because my stake was a little thin then  ½ inch. I tried it and it didn’t really taste the same like the one in the restaurant didn’t have that good garlic flavor maybe in the restaurant they added some extra spices or secret ingredient. I would make this dish again but this time I would like to experiment and add more spices to the glaze or maybe make it a little spicy probably next time when I go to Bellevue Washington I should ask the chef what are the ingredients in making this wonderful dish. Next time I am probably going to make it with pork chops I think it will be pretty good maybe even better. I like my visit to Washington and going to that restaurant next time I will remember the name of it. I had fun in making this dish and I will try to make it as good as the one in the restaurant or probably even better. I will never give up!

The economies of northern and southern states and the US Civil War Essay

The economies of northern and southern states and the US Civil War - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the era of civil war had left a lot of lessons for the Americans to learn. Majorly, the economy of United States of America was divided into its regional schema of working in terms of politics and laws. Many laws were created right after the civil war as it had put both positive and negative impact on the economy of United States, in general. The aim of this paper is to understand the difference between the economies of Northern and Southern states of America. In general, it can be said that the economic condition of both northern and western states during the civil war was better in many ways. The American economy was once considered as an agricultural economy. It was noted that during the civil war, it transitioned to an industrial economy of the world. By 1900s, it was marked that America became one of the leading economies of the world. However, it should be well-stated that the industrial revolution was not observed in the Souther n states. The development and revolution were only noticed in the northern states or the area near the Mason-Dixon Line. Talking about the Southern states during the 1900s, they majorly depended on the selling of the staples international market. It was a constant flow of supply within the international market by the Southern states that ended up making cotton as the most valued export from the United States. The constant flow also allowed cotton to overshadow other exports that were providing a lot of advantage to the country.

Critically examine the differences between two theories of leadership Essay

Critically examine the differences between two theories of leadership and examine the effect that strategic leadership can have on the succe - Essay Example e main goals and objectives for the followers while in other cases the people may agree on their objectives and the leader will assume the responsibility of guiding them to reach to the goals (Paul, 2005). One way of trying to understand leadership is by using theories. Leadership theories are assumptions about characteristics or styles of a leader. The theories are used to distinguish among different kinds of leaders and their styles as well as their motivations. The focus of the theories is to determine specific skills and qualities that differentiate one leader from his or her followers and other leaders. There are various theories in the study of leadership with each theory using a different approach to explain the concept of leadership (Paul, 2005). Among the most common theories of leadership include contingency theory, great man theory, behavioral theory and trail theory. The most notable question that these theories aim at responding to is as to whether leaders are born or whether they can acquire leadership. This fundamental question has been the main puzzle that leadership analysts have grappled with over the years. A common understanding in leadership and management is that there is no precise answer to the question because every leader is different from the other, and while it is true that some individuals are born to lead, there are others who acquire leadership. This essay will explore two main theories of leadership and critically analyze them with a view of exposing their differences in their approach to leadership as a consequence. The main theories that this essay will endeavor to study are the trait theory and the behavioral theory of leadership. The paper will also explain the concept of strategic leadership. The paper will conclude by examining the effect of strategic leadership in either success or failure of businesses. This theory is based on the notion that leaders are born with innate abilities and qualities that enable them to guide

Managing for Competitive Advantage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing for Competitive Advantage - Essay Example t would be known as the Chip and PIN programme bringing banks, building societies and retailers together to combat the ever expansive problem of credit and debit card fraud. The trial began in fiscal year 2003 where cardholders would authorise purchases with the use of a Personal Identification Number (PIN) in place of their signature. (M&S Annual Review 2003 inside cover operating highlights) Year 2003 HR – Improvement in quality was managed in several ways including reconstitution of the store management structure including the presence of a store manager at each of the stores. Each of these store managers would have clear goals, responsibilities and accountability. There would be a field-based area management team offering the benefit of internal and external experience, which brings M&S in line with leading industry standards, thus providing a basis for further improvement in customer service, leadership and overall store standards. (M&S Annual Review 2003 inside cover operating highlights) Year 2003 Operations –There was increased market share in Women’s, Menswear and Lingerie with both strong product appeal and quality. The opening of thirteen Simply Food stores garnered 250,000 new customers shopping per week and the pilot program of the new credit and loyalty card proved successful with national roll-out in the second half of fiscal year 2003/2004. Considerations for the improvement of customer service involve potential for relocating the fitting rooms and the customer service within them. (M&S Annual Review 2003 inside cover operating highlights) Year 2003 Financial Management – The chairman, Luc Vandevelde, believes that â€Å"the key to regaining market share has been a focus on improving both the appeal and value of our products, thereby making aspirational quality more accessible to our customers, The Home programme opening just prior to the launch of the credit and loyalty card in Financial Services. During the fiscal year 2003 operating

Criminal justice process Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal justice process - Research Paper Example Moreover, felony cases have both direct and indirect consequences. Direct consequences are those, which are expected in a typical felony case. This includes imprisonment, fines, probation, and other related costs. Indirect consequences, on the other hand, include barring a criminal from participating in an election and bond denial, among others. Orfield (2005) argues that many people do not know what is expected of them when charged with felony. This always put a lot of pressure and fear among many defendants and witnesses and even the plaintiff in the case. However, what is important is that anybody charged with a felony should make an attempt and get a lawyer to represent him or her and give necessary advice concerning the rights of the accused. This paper will discuss the procedures expected in a typical felony case. There are usually a number of procedures and stages involved in felony probation. This includes an arrest, followed by arraignment, preliminary examination, circuit c ourt arraignment, pre-trial, trial and sentencing, appeal and probation. Arrest It is reported that the responsibility of arresting a suspect in felony matters lies with the police. In this case, once the police have gathered enough evidence from the scene of the alleged crime, he expected to pursue the suspect, apprehend, and bring the accused to the police station. However, in some instances, a suspect is only issued with court sermons advising accused to appear in court on a certain date. This usually happens for lower level offenses, which may not necessarily warrant an arrest (Cole, Smith and DeJong, 2012). Interrogation Once the police have arrested the accused, the police may interrogate him but this is not a must. However, in case the police are interested in interrogating the accused, it is always advisable that the accused insist on speaking with a lawyer. The reason for an attorney’s representation is to prevent the accused from giving incriminating statements whic h may be used against them by the police in a court of law (May, Minor and Ruddell, 2007). Initial appearance This usually marks the opening phase where the accused is arraigned in court and should be conducted within the first 24 hours after the arrest. Usually a number of things take place at this stage. This includes informing the suspect of the charges leveled against him or her. It is also here that the suspect is reminded of his right to have a lawyer’s representation. However, in case the accused cannot produce a lawyer, then the court is expected to provide one. It is also reported that it is at this stage that the conditions of release is determined such as whether the accused can be bonded or put in prison as he or she awaits the charges for the good of the society. Finally, another hearing date is set for subsequent proceedings, which is usually conducted in a superior court (Orfield, 2005). Preliminary Hearings Fourteen days after the initial appearance, the accus ed is supposed to be taken through preliminary examination. This is also a very crucial stage since it is here that the judge is expected to decide if there is reasonable ground to continue the case to the next level. It is also at this stage that the charges may be dropped in case the judge finds no reasonable ground to continue with the case. What is unique at this stage is that it is a one-sided procedure since it is only involves the review of incriminating evidence for